Plastic-containing materials as alternative reductants for base metal production

Shredder residue materials are produced after the removal of ferrous and non-ferrous fractions from end-of-life electronic equipment. Despite the high plastic content and metal value in the ash, high percentages of these materials are currently sent to landfills. In this study, the potential of utilising shredder residue material and other plastic-containing materials as reducing agents was studied. Plastic-containing materials were co-injected with coal into a zinc-fuming furnace in Boliden-Rönnskär smelter. The data obtained from the trial, such as the data from the chemical analysis of the slag and the steam production, are discussed. The observations indicate that plastic-containing material can replace up to 1?ton?h^?1 of coal without a significant decrease in the zinc reduction rate.     

乙二醇高温还原制备燃料电池核壳结构Cu@Pt-Pd电极的研究

通过对以碳为核心的燃料电池电催化剂Cu@Pt-Pd的制备方法的研究,以还原法成功将Cu、Pt、Pd还原到了靶核C上制备出了核壳结构电催化剂Cu@Pt-Pd。该催化剂以Cu为核来提升催化剂的表面积比,同时掺杂金属Pd,降低贵金属铂的使用量,在提高催化效率的同时可以降低成本。经过对所制备的催化剂的XRD和CV的测试与分析,探究出制备的成品具有一定的提升氧化还原反应的催化效率的能力,同时该制备方法简单易于操作,利于大量制备。     

磁铁尾矿与石灰石双掺生产优质水泥

受环保压力影响，西乡公司生产水泥用河道淤沙供应紧张，难以满足生产需求且价格上涨幅度较大，严重影响到水泥生产及成本，我们开展了磁铁尾矿在水泥中的应用研究工作，通过连续几个月的生产实践，对物料配比优化，磨机技术改造，实现利用磁铁尾矿与石灰石双掺解决混合材紧缺问题，降低了水泥生产成本，水泥质量及性能稳定。     

物质平衡-拟压力近似条件法确定气藏储量

物质平衡法作为一种有效的手段被广泛应用于气藏储量或井控储量的确定。为简便准确地确定气藏储量，笔者从物质平衡原理出发导出了"物质平衡条件"，求解气体渗流数学模型，得到了"拟压力近似条件"。将二者结合，提出了"物质平衡-拟压力近似条件法"（MB-QAC方法）。利用该方法，通过边界控制流阶段（产量波动相较于边界作用可忽略）的生产数据便可准确地计算气藏储量。定产量、定流压以及复杂生产计划条件下的数值模拟数据以及气藏实例验证了其有效性。在生产数据记录可靠的条件下，储量计算误差一般小于5%。同时，数值模拟结果表明，动态物质平衡方程是一种近似关系，拟压力近似条件对于模拟的各种情形均成立。由于考虑了岩石和束缚水的压缩性、气井产量的波动和气体性质的变化，MB-QAC方法具有一定的理论基础，对于异常高压和正常压力系统的气藏均适用，但不适用于水体活跃的气藏。     

Development of a void ratio-moisture ratio-net stress framework for the prediction of the volumetric behavior of unsaturated granular materials

Despite extensive research on the behavior of unsaturated fine-grained materials, there is still a lack of understanding of the volumetric behavior of unsaturated granular materials. In this research, a model has been developed to predict the fundamental volumetric behavior of unsaturated granular materials through loading and wetting state paths. In this regard, a loading-wetting surface was developed in a space of void ratio-moisture ratio-net stress. A distinctive feature of the proposed model is the relative simplicity in obtaining the model parameters using conventional geotechnical testing equipment. Two types of recycled granular materials, commonly applied in unbound pavements were used, namely, recycled crushed brick (CB) and excavation waste rock (WR). The uniqueness of the developed surface was evaluated by employing a number of loading and wetting state paths. The results indicate that the developed surface is unique in its loading state paths; however, it only shows uniqueness in its wetting state paths for stress levels greater than 2000 kPa. The proposed model seeks to introduce the application of the unsaturated soil mechanics theory, for predicting the behavior of granular materials in the field, by providing a practical and cost-effective methodology.     

Microtopography‐Guided Radial Gradient Circle Array Film with Nanoscale Resolution

Distribution of multimaterials at arbitrary positions with nanoscale resolution and over a large area substrate is essential to future advances in functional graded materials. Such stringent requirements are highly beyond the reach of current techniques, although newly developed 3D printing technologies are addressed. Here, a radial gradient circle array film with the distribution accuracy up to ≈18 nm is fabricated by using microtopographic substrate. A mathematical model is developed to guide the distribution of position, size, shape, and type of materials on an arbitrary section for the given morphology of substrate. The periodic electrical and mechanical properties of the radial gradient circle film are identified, which can be beneficial for further functionalization and applications, such as gradient refractive index lenses, microcoils, and microantennas.     

镍基MOF电极材料物理超声改性及电化学性能

采用水热法合成了以4,4′-联苯二甲酸(BPDC)为配体的Ni-金属有机框架(MOF),利用低成本、无污染的物理超声法在不改变Ni-MOF晶体结构的前提下对其进行改性,使块状Ni-MOF表面产生孔隙,改善Ni-MOF表面微/纳米结构,提高其电化学性能。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图、X射线衍射(XRD)谱、循环伏安(CV)曲线和恒电流充放电(GCD)曲线分析了改性前后Ni-MOF的微结构形貌和电化学性能。结果表明,经过超声处理后,Ni-MOF的比表面积从40.6 m^2·g^-1增加到65.8 m^2·g^-1,平均孔径从12 nm增加到22 nm。在0.5 A·g^-1电流密度下,超声处理后Ni-MOF电极比电容从420 F·g^-1增加到515 F·g^-1,提高了22.6%,电荷转移电阻明显降低,从25.11Ω降低到15.51Ω。因此,物理超声法可有效改善Ni-MOF表面微/纳米结构,提高其电化学性能。     

铁酸镧B位掺Mn/Co/Cr试样的红外辐射性能与机理

采用高温固相烧结法制备了粉体材料LaFeO₃、LaFe_0.75Co_0.25O₃、LaFe_0.75Cr_0.25O₃和LaFe_0.75Mn_0.25O₃，通过XRD、FTIR、SEM、XPS等检测手段对材料进行表征，同时运用CASTEP模块模拟计算了材料的电子能带结构和光学性质。实验结果表明：掺入Mn/Cr/Co离子后晶格发生畸变,晶格对称性降低。Mn/Cr/Co掺杂后的粉体材料在近中红外波段发射率排序为：掺Mn>掺Co>掺Cr>纯LaFeO₃，其中掺Mn在0.2～2.5μm波段为0.8722，2.5～5μm波段为0.6755，远大于纯LaFeO₃的发射率（近中红外波段发射率均为0.5左右）。发射率提升的机理在于：Mn掺杂后,引入了Mn³⁺杂质能级，产生了激活能小的Mn³⁺?Mn⁴⁺跳跃小极化子，电子-氧空位载流子吸收亦增强，同时体系的晶格畸变导致振动吸收加剧。第一性原理计算结果表明掺杂Mn/Cr/Co材料的禁带宽度分别0.793eV、2.406eV、1.722eV均小于纯LaFeO₃的3.817eV，结合态密度计算结果分析其原因，主要Mn3d、Cr3d、Co3d轨道与O2p轨道杂化形成杂质能级，同时Mn3d、Cr3d、Co3d在导带也存在态密度峰，且峰的位置都比LaFeO₃峰更靠近费米能级，作为新的导带底相当于缩短了价带顶到导带底之间的间隙宽度。LaFe_0.75Mn_0.25O₃材料在近中红外波段的优异辐射性能表现，可作为耐高温抗氧化高发射率材料在高温热工炉窑具有潜在应用前景。     

新型建筑材料在建设工程中应用与发展趋势

随着我国改革开放不断深入,科技水平的不断提升,人们对美好生活的追求,促使建筑材料飞速发展,以适应环保、节能、轻质、安全、高效的需求,从而取代能耗多、污染大、防火等级低不安全的建筑材料。本文例举了当前一些新型建筑材料的应用特点,并阐述了新型建筑材料的发展趋势。